Dobermans for sell - The typical price for Doberman Pinscher puppies for sale in Indianapolis, IN may vary based on the breeder and individual puppy. On average, Doberman Pinscher puppies from a breeder in Indianapolis, IN may range in price from $2,600 to $3,500. ….

 
Are you looking to sell your used furniture? Whether you’re downsizing, redecorating, or simply in need of some extra cash, there are numerous companies out there that specialize i.... Triveni supermarket photos

Feb 13, 2022 ... Update❗❗❗ Doberman Puppies for Sale | 27 Days Old Doberman Puppies ------Ramlaksh_Vlog · Comments88.7779 Max. 7781 Scooby-Doo. 7784 Elsa. 7786 Pretzel. 7788 Hudson. 7713 Beau. 7803 Jazz. We are a nonprofit focused on placing rescued Dobermans in safe, loving homes. View some of the Dobermans for adoption in NH, VT, ME, MA and beyond. There are some common interests for people who want to buy or sell a used car, and they include the best condition and price possible. Buyers often consider condition as a top thin...The typical price for Doberman Pinscher puppies for sale in Huntsville, AL may vary based on the breeder and individual puppy. On average, Doberman Pinscher puppies from a breeder in Huntsville, AL may range in price from $2,000 to $3,500. ….Find Doberman Pinscher puppies for sale Near Pennsylvania With proper activity and socialization, the fearless Doberman is an extremely loyal, vigilant, and intelligent companion. We all know eBay and Amazon are sites where you can sell your stuff online. But here are four sites you might not have heard of that let you sell your stuff ... Get top content in ...Find a Doberman Pinscher puppy from reputable breeders near you in North Carolina. Screened for quality. Transportation to North Carolina available. Visit us now to find your dog. ... Our puppies are raised with care, and we sell to responsible homes. 1 pickup option. Lexa Dobermans. Smithfield, Virginia • 157 miles away.The typical price for Doberman Pinscher puppies for sale in Phoenix, AZ may vary based on the breeder and individual puppy. On average, Doberman Pinscher puppies from a breeder in Phoenix, AZ may range in price from $2,675 to $4,000. ….Doberman Pinscher Trivia: Doberman Pinschers were first bred by a German tax collector named Louis Doberman. Dobermans are a relatively new breed dating only to the 1860s. Dobermans cannot work in areas where it gets very cold in the winter. White Dobermans share a gene with white tigers and white lions. Doberman Pinscher. Midwest Family Dobermans has 2 litter of Doberman Pinscher puppies, red/rust males,black/rust males and females $1,000. 1 fawn male, 1 black Melanistic male and 1 red Melanistic male $1,200. They come with dew claws removed, tail docked, dewormed, 1st set of shots, AKC limited papers and a wellness exam from my vet.7779 Max. 7781 Scooby-Doo. 7784 Elsa. 7786 Pretzel. 7788 Hudson. 7713 Beau. 7803 Jazz. We are a nonprofit focused on placing rescued Dobermans in safe, loving homes. View some of the Dobermans for adoption in NH, VT, ME, MA and beyond. Personality Test. Iris took her test on 12/13/2022. Ultimately, she was graded a B. Here are the observer's notes on the test: Nervous at first, acted tired, didn’t want to get off of tester’s lap, very loving, licking hands. While she did score more A’s than anything else, I’m bringing her overall score down to a grade B in order to ...We produce well balanced Dobermans that are able to provide home security and participate in canine sporting events, yet be cherished members of the family. Please visit our website for more details about us and our dogs health results, pedigrees, titles & certifications, upcoming litters, and much more! 25 cute Doberman Pinscher puppies for sale | Good Dog Breeders Purebred Affenpinscher Afghan Hound Airedale Terrier Akbash Akita Akita Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog Alaskan …Please email us for more information on puppy availability and upcoming litters. We can’t wait to hear from you! Broussard, LA, USA. [email protected]. 3376005435. How did you hear about Blue Skye Dobermans? Blue Skye Dobermans breeds large, high quality American and Euro Dobermans in Louisiana. 10. Dobermann dogs across Australia. Dobermanns present the picture of a muscular, powerful and ferocious breed. These dogs are as fierce in their character as they are in their appearance. The good thing about this breed is that they make fantastic guard dogs. They will intimidate and deter intruders from breaking into your home. Selling a home can be a stressful and time-consuming process, but there are some tips and tricks that can help you get the job done quickly. Here are some of the fastest ways to se...Donna’s Doberman is a family business. Run by Donna and Austin Little. Located in central Oklahoma, Donna’s Doberman provides quality Doberman Pinschers. They produce American and European quality lines. Started in 2011, Donna’s Doberman has AKC registered Doberman puppies, and also Stud Services with registered DNA.Feb 13, 2022 ... Update❗❗❗ Doberman Puppies for Sale | 27 Days Old Doberman Puppies ------Ramlaksh_Vlog · Comments88.Quality Doberman puppies. One female and nine males are available. Puppies are raised by a loving family with four children. They will make a great family pet for you. Some have tail docked, some still have tail. Puppies are not registered, but do have vet checkup, vaccinations, and deworming done. Males are 12k and female is 10k.We look forward to being your European Doberman breeders and helping you find the perfect Doberman for you. If you’re looking for a Doberman breeders Massachusetts, call New England Dobermans today at 781.353.1333 and learn more about our Doberman puppies and breeding philosophy! Doberman Puppies Massachusetts, Doberman Puppies For Sale ... The typical price for Doberman Pinscher puppies for sale in Virginia Beach, VA may vary based on the breeder and individual puppy. On average, Doberman Pinscher puppies from a breeder in Virginia Beach, VA may range in price from $2,250 to $3,500. ….Doberman Pinscher Puppies for Sale | Lancaster Puppies Doberman Pinscher Puppies The Obedient, Alert, and Confident Doberman Pinscher The Doberman is large, …Find Doberman Pinscher puppies for sale. With proper activity and socialization, the fearless Doberman is an extremely loyal, vigilant, and intelligent companion. Our dogs are bred for health, temperament, and intelligence. We strive to produce the best overall pets and family members. The typical price for Doberman Pinscher puppies for sale in Tucson, AZ may vary based on the breeder and individual puppy. On average, Doberman Pinscher puppies from a breeder in Tucson, AZ may range in price from $3,000 to $5,000. ….Find a Doberman Pinscher puppy from reputable breeders near you in New Jersey. Screened for quality. Transportation to New Jersey available. ... Find Doberman Pinscher puppies for sale Near New Jersey With proper activity and socialization, the fearless Doberman is an extremely loyal, vigilant, and intelligent companion. ...Dobermans Puppies for Sale. 59 likes. ☆ Pure Breed German Doberman Puppies with Micro-Chipped, Vaccinated and De-Wormed. We are Passionate Doberman Breeders, View Available Puppies, Best Reviews....Dobermann puppies for sale from ANKC registered breeders located in Australia. Deal direct with a registered breeder.Doberman Pinscher. You will find Doberman Pinscher dogs for adoption and puppies for sale under the listings here. However, free Doberman dogs and puppies are a rarity as rescues usually charge a small adoption fee to cover their expenses (usually less than $200). Sometimes, you may find dogs and puppies for free to a good home by an owner who ... The typical price for Doberman Pinscher puppies for sale in Chicago, IL may vary based on the breeder and individual puppy. On average, Doberman Pinscher puppies from a breeder in Chicago, IL may range in price from $2,650 to $3,400. ….Please email us for more information on puppy availability and upcoming litters. We can’t wait to hear from you! Broussard, LA, USA. [email protected]. 3376005435. How did you hear about Blue Skye Dobermans? Blue Skye Dobermans breeds large, high quality American and Euro Dobermans in Louisiana.Although pit bulls, German shepherds, chow chows, Rottweilers and dobermans frequently are considered the most aggressive breeds of dogs, any dog of any breed can be aggressive.Donna’s Doberman is a family business. Run by Donna and Austin Little. Located in central Oklahoma, Donna’s Doberman provides quality Doberman Pinschers. They produce American and European quality lines. Started in 2011, Donna’s Doberman has AKC registered Doberman puppies, and also Stud Services with registered DNA.The typical price for Doberman Pinscher puppies for sale in Wichita, KS may vary based on the breeder and individual puppy. On average, Doberman Pinscher puppies from a breeder in Wichita, KS may range in price from $2,500 to $3,500. ….Puppies.com will help you find your perfect Doberman Pinscher puppy for sale in Florida. We've connected loving homes to reputable breeders since 2003 and we want to help you find the puppy your whole family will love. ... Labrador Retriever / Doberman Pinscher. Brooksville, FL. Female, Born on 07/04/2023 - 7 months old. $200. 4. Doberman ...<p>The Miniature Pinscher is not a smaller version of the Doberman Pinscher, as some mistakenly believe. The breed predates its larger cousin and may have Greyhound and Dachshund lineage. It carries a regal posture that is well-balanced. With the proper training, your Miniature Pinscher will become a family-oriented dog that loves children.</p> Find Doberman Pinscher dogs and puppies from Texas breeders. It’s also free to list your available puppies and litters on our site. Find Doberman Pinscher dogs and puppies from Texas breeders. It’s also free to list your available puppies and litters on our site. ... Dobermans for Sale in Texas. Filter Dog Ads Search. Sort. Ads 1 - 8 of 11 .Male, 7 Months Old. Romainia Dej, RO.13, RO. $1,000. Europe. Americas. Asia Pacific. Browse thru Doberman Pinscher Puppies for Sale in Indiana, USA area listings on PuppyFinder.com to find your perfect puppy. If you are unable to find your Doberman Pinscher puppy in our Puppy for Sale or Dog for Sale sections, please …Doberman free to good home – these words can tug at the heartstrings of any dog lover. Whether you are unable to care for your Doberman due to unforeseen circumstances or you have ...Contact us by emailing [email protected], calling or texting us at 407-461-5093. We would be happy to talk “Dobe” with you. Our philosophy is to breed Dobermans in good health with a loving oriented approach. We …Feb 24, 2002 · Doberman Pinscher Dogs adopted on Rescue Me! Donate. Adopt Doberman Pinscher Dogs in Texas. Filter. 24-02-11-00416 D060 Freya (f) (female) Doberman ... What is the typical price of Doberman Pinscher puppies in Springfield, IL? The typical price for Doberman Pinscher puppies for sale in Springfield, IL may vary based on the breeder and individual puppy. On average, Doberman Pinscher puppies from a breeder in Springfield, IL may range in price from $2,650 to $3,400. ….Stunning litter of well bred quality puppies,from health tested parents. Reared in our home environment good natures. Breeder Mrs J Sinnott. Kennel Club 5 Weeks Free Pet Insurance available (must be activated by the breeder) health tested. Want to buy a puppy? Search for pedigree puppies or rescue dogs for sale near you. Selling your home can be a stressful experience, but it doesn’t have to be. With the right preparation and strategy, you can sell your home quickly and easily. Here are some tips t...The typical price for Doberman Pinscher puppies for sale in Chicago, IL may vary based on the breeder and individual puppy. On average, Doberman Pinscher puppies from a breeder in Chicago, IL may range in price from $2,650 to $3,400. ….A Doberman-husky mix is a cross between a Doberman Pinscher and a Siberian Husky. Like all hybrid breeds, the physical, mental and emotional traits of this dog are unpredictable an...What is the typical price of Doberman Pinscher puppies in Las Vegas, NV? The typical price for Doberman Pinscher puppies for sale in Las Vegas, NV may vary based on the breeder and individual puppy. On average, Doberman Pinscher puppies from a breeder in Las Vegas, NV may range in price from $2,800 to $3,000. ….The typical price for Doberman Pinscher puppies for sale in Chicago, IL may vary based on the breeder and individual puppy. On average, Doberman Pinscher puppies from a breeder in Chicago, IL may range in price from $2,650 to $3,400. ….4.4 stars. from 1482 reviews. Find a Doberman Pinscher puppy from reputable breeders near you in Louisiana. Screened for quality. Transportation to Louisiana available. Visit us now to find your dog.Working dogs for sale for Home Security, experienced breeders, or for working sport , hunting, breeding, showing ,service dog . We do have puppies now Inquire with your full …6 Doberman Pinscher Puppies For Sale In South Carolina. Featured Listings. Default Sorting. AKC Doug. Doberman Pinscher. Travelers Rest, SC. Male, Born on 11/19/2023 - 12 weeks old. $1,500. AKC Ricky. Doberman Pinscher. Travelers Rest, SC. Male, Born on 11/19/2023 - 12 weeks old. $1,500. Bruno. Doberman Pinscher.They have all the Premier European Dobermans for sale and studs. To them, the Final Output is their focus. Doberman Puppy Breeder Details: Address: Chicago, Illinois, US 60443. Phone: +1 708-269-8217. Email: [email protected]. Facebook Page: LylesDobermans.Advertise your pet for FREE >>. Freeads.co.uk: Find Dobermanns Puppies & Dogs for sale UK at the UK's largest independent free classifieds site. Buy and Sell Dobermanns …According to a Forbes article that rates dog breeds as potential insurance risks for homeowners, the 10 most aggressive breeds of dogs are Pit Bulls, Staffordshire Terriers, Doberm...Find a Doberman Pinscher puppy from reputable breeders near you in North Carolina. Screened for quality. Transportation to North Carolina available. Visit us now to find your dog. ... Our puppies are raised with care, and we sell to responsible homes. 1 pickup option. Lexa Dobermans. Smithfield, Virginia • 157 miles away.But if you go for the basic, average Doberman, you’re looking at around $700-$900. Other costs associated with owning a dog, such as food, toys, supplies, training, etc., should also be taken into consideration. Doberman Pinschers are relatively healthy dogs with a lifespan of around 11-12 years. So make sure to factor that in.The typical price for Doberman Pinscher puppies for sale in Wausau, WI may vary based on the breeder and individual puppy. On average, Doberman Pinscher puppies from a breeder in Wausau, WI may range in price from $2,750 to $3,500. ….LARGE BONED EUROPEAN DOBERMAN PUPPIES $3500.00 or $4350.00 CROPPED We have a Black and Rust Female, and a Red and Rust female Doberman puppy for sale that is suitable for loving families, Service dogs, Agility, Dock diving, Barn hunt, SAR, IGP, etc. The American Kennel Club is one of the must trusted kennel clubs around. They have their own marketplace where breeders can list their puppies for sale. This is one of the lowest …Feb 13, 2024 · If you are unable to find your Doberman Pinscher puppy in our Puppy for Sale or Dog for Sale sections, please consider looking thru thousands of Doberman Pinscher Dogs for Adoption. Also, be sure to check the Doberman Pinscher Dog Breeder listings in our Dog Breeder Directory, which feature upcoming dog litter announcements and current puppies ... AKC Registered Doberman Ponder80. AKC Registered Doberman Pinscher Puppies 2 Red female 2 red male's 4 black males Tail.. Doberman Pinscher, Arkansas » Dardanelle. $800.They have all the Premier European Dobermans for sale and studs. To them, the Final Output is their focus. Doberman Puppy Breeder Details: Address: Chicago, Illinois, US 60443. Phone: +1 708-269-8217. Email: [email protected]. Facebook Page: LylesDobermans.Find Doberman Pinscher dogs and puppies from Texas breeders. It’s also free to list your available puppies and litters on our site. Find Doberman Pinscher dogs and puppies from Texas breeders. It’s also free to list your available puppies and litters on our site. ... Dobermans for Sale in Texas. Filter Dog Ads Search. Sort. Ads 1 - 8 of 11 .Doberman Pinscher. You will find Doberman Pinscher dogs for adoption and puppies for sale under the listings here. However, free Doberman dogs and puppies are a rarity as rescues usually charge a small adoption fee to cover their expenses (usually less than $200). Sometimes, you may find dogs and puppies for free to a good home by an owner who ... The typical price for Doberman Pinscher puppies for sale in Orlando, FL may vary based on the breeder and individual puppy. On average, Doberman Pinscher puppies from a breeder in Orlando, FL may range in price from $2,500 to $3,500. ….Search Options: State, text search of the listings. The Doberman Pinscher Club of America (DPCA) is another great place to find Doberman puppies for sale in the U.S., Canada, and other countries. They’re a member of the AKC and the only national Doberman specific club that is sanctioned by the AKC. Their breeder referral section is a great ... The typical price for Doberman Pinscher puppies for sale in Miami, FL may vary based on the breeder and individual puppy. On average, Doberman Pinscher puppies from a breeder in Miami, FL may range in price from $2,500 to $3,500. ….The typical price for Doberman Pinscher puppies for sale in Wichita, KS may vary based on the breeder and individual puppy. On average, Doberman Pinscher puppies from a breeder in Wichita, KS may range in price from $2,500 to $3,500. ….Find a Doberman Pinscher puppy from reputable breeders near you in Nebraska. Screened for quality. Transportation to Nebraska available. Visit us now to find your dog. ... Find Doberman Pinscher puppies for sale Near Nebraska With proper activity and socialization, the fearless Doberman is an extremely loyal, vigilant, and intelligent …The typical price for Doberman Pinscher puppies for sale in Buffalo, NY may vary based on the breeder and individual puppy. On average, Doberman Pinscher puppies from a breeder in Buffalo, NY may range in price from $3,000 to $4,000. ….The typical price for Doberman Pinscher puppies for sale in Virginia Beach, VA may vary based on the breeder and individual puppy. On average, Doberman Pinscher puppies from a breeder in Virginia Beach, VA may range in price from $2,250 to $3,500. ….But if you go for the basic, average Doberman, you’re looking at around $700-$900. Other costs associated with owning a dog, such as food, toys, supplies, training, etc., should also be taken into consideration. Doberman Pinschers are relatively healthy dogs with a lifespan of around 11-12 years. So make sure to factor that in.European Doberman puppies for sale. Pedigreed, Microchipped, Vaccinated, wormed 2 weekly from 2 weeks age. ... Our Dobermans are bred for physical robustness and training ability, true to the working lines of dobermanns in Europe of the past. Confidence, stability, ability to be calm and adapt to a changing environment balanced drives for work ...The typical price for Doberman Pinscher puppies for sale in Springfield, IL may vary based on the breeder and individual puppy. On average, Doberman Pinscher puppies from a breeder in Springfield, IL may range in price from $2,650 to $3,400. ….What is the typical price of Doberman Pinscher puppies in Springfield, IL? The typical price for Doberman Pinscher puppies for sale in Springfield, IL may vary based on the breeder and individual puppy. On average, Doberman Pinscher puppies from a breeder in Springfield, IL may range in price from $2,650 to $3,400. ….The typical price for Doberman Pinscher puppies for sale in Virginia Beach, VA may vary based on the breeder and individual puppy. On average, Doberman Pinscher puppies from a breeder in Virginia Beach, VA may range in price from $2,250 to $3,500. ….23 Doberman Pinscher Puppies For Sale In North Carolina. Featured Listings. Default Sorting. Doberman Female. Doberman Pinscher. New Bern, NC. Male, Born on 12/01/2023 - 10 weeks old. $500. ... Doberman Pinscher / American Pit Bull Terrier. Reidsville, NC. Male, Born on 12/20/2023 - 7 weeks old. $350.Mikadobe Doberman Pinschers is located in Gillsville, Georgia. As the oldest active champion producing doberman pinscher kennel in America, our goal is to breed “quality to quality.”. We are reputable breeders with over 70 years of combined experience. Mikadobe strives to develop dobermans that are of sound temperament, breed standard and ...Welcome to Valor Dobermans. We welcome you to Valor Dobermans where we strive to bring not only gorgeous Dobermans but also intelligent ones to families everywhere. When you purchase a Valor pup you are getting more than just a dog, you are becoming a part of our family. We are located in Gloucester, Virginia. Always Evolving Always Changing. Doberman Puppies for Sale Near Me - Doberman Pinscher for Sale. We welcome you to Doberman Ranch, where we strive to bring not only gorgeous Dobermans but also intelligent ones to families everywhere. We offer outstanding Doberman puppies for sale with great pedigree. Jun 24, 2023 ... Share your videos with friends, family, and the world.Sep 9, 2022 ... Urgent Sale | Show quality |European doberman puppies for sale | #ytshortsindia #shortsvideos · Comments30.4.4 stars. from 1482 reviews. Find a Doberman Pinscher puppy from reputable breeders near you in Louisiana. Screened for quality. Transportation to Louisiana available. Visit us now to find your dog.Find Doberman Pinscher dogs and puppies from Texas breeders. It’s also free to list your available puppies and litters on our site. Find Doberman Pinscher dogs and puppies from Texas breeders. It’s also free to list your available puppies and litters on our site. ... Dobermans for Sale in Texas. Filter Dog Ads Search. Sort. Ads 1 - 8 of 11 .Find Doberman Pinscher puppies for sale. With proper activity and socialization, the fearless Doberman is an extremely loyal, vigilant, and intelligent companion. Our dogs are bred for health, temperament, and intelligence. We strive to produce the best overall pets and family members. Dobermans are known for their loyalty, intelligence, and protective nature. As much as we love our furry friends, there may come a time when circumstances change and we need to fin...

Puppies.com will help you find your perfect Doberman Pinscher puppy for sale in Florida. We've connected loving homes to reputable breeders since 2003 and we want to help you find the puppy your whole family will love. ... Labrador Retriever / Doberman Pinscher. Brooksville, FL. Female, Born on 07/04/2023 - 7 months old. $200. 4. Doberman .... Tynker meme soundboard

dobermans for sell

We breed and sell highly quality puppies and adult Dobermans, which impress with their strong body, beautiful look, high power and intelligence! ... We don’t sell our Dobermans, when they must live only outdoors. The puppy can be shipped for an additional shipping fee to the new home. Because of the high demand is a reservation recommended ...Wei’s European Doberman. We are located in the west Las Vegas. We are legally the best indoor breeder. We have three Dobermans,they were imported from Europe. They have FCI and AKC registration and Champion pedigree certificate. 100% European Doberman puppies for sale. We are including: puppy's AKC registration certificate, copy of three ...Adult. Color. N/A. Gender. Male. Doberman Pinscher Dog for Adoption in Raleigh, North Carolina, 27603 US Nickname: SCOOB Posted Breed: Doberman Pinscher (medium coat). You may call…. View Details. No Price Listed.Advertise your pet for FREE >>. Freeads.co.uk: Find Dobermanns Puppies & Dogs for sale UK at the UK's largest independent free classifieds site. Buy and Sell Dobermanns …What is the typical price of Doberman Pinscher puppies in Huntsville, AL? The typical price for Doberman Pinscher puppies for sale in Huntsville, AL may vary based on the breeder and individual puppy. On average, Doberman Pinscher puppies from a breeder in Huntsville, AL may range in price from $2,000 to $3,500. ….Doberman Pinscher puppies and dogs. If you're looking for a Doberman Pinscher, Adopt a Pet can help you find one near you. Use the search tool below and browse adoptable …Working dogs for sale for Home Security, experienced breeders, or for working sport , hunting, breeding, showing ,service dog . We do have puppies now Inquire with your full …Prince. Doberman Pinscher. $1,500. Davie, FL. 1. We offer 8 Doberman Pinscher puppies for sale in Florida. These Doberman Pinscher puppies for sale located in Florida are near these cities: SPRING HILL, MIAMI, JACKSONVILLE, DELTONA, DELEON SPRINGS, Davie, CAPE CANAVERAL.Jul 13, 2020 ... Energetic Playful Doberman Puppies For Sale At Galiff Street Pet Market Kolkata l Mob 8777279042.But if you go for the basic, average Doberman, you’re looking at around $700-$900. Other costs associated with owning a dog, such as food, toys, supplies, training, etc., should also be taken into consideration. Doberman Pinschers are relatively healthy dogs with a lifespan of around 11-12 years. So make sure to factor that in.Absolutely! In fact, statistics show that many families these days are looking for their own Doberman for sale New York, and the Doberman often ranks among the top 15 most popular dog breeds in America. Even though …stunning miniature pinscher puppies. £900. Miniature Pinscher Age: 11 weeks 1 male / 2 female. READY NOW price reduced gorgeous loving miniature pinschers. puppies are around 6 inches high. will be around 10inches when fully grown. dad is a tiny Black and Tan kc reg. mum is small red from Mer. mylah r.Selling your home can be a stressful experience, but it doesn’t have to be. With the right preparation and strategy, you can sell your home quickly and easily. Here are some tips t...The average price for a Doberman puppy in Maryland can vary depending on the breeder but typically ranges between $500 and $1,500. However, some of the most reputable breeders may charge more depending on the particular characteristics of their puppies. If you are looking to purchase a high-quality Doberman puppy from one of the top …Find Doberman Pinscher dogs and puppies from Texas breeders. It’s also free to list your available puppies and litters on our site. Find Doberman Pinscher dogs and puppies from Texas breeders. It’s also free to list your available puppies and litters on our site. ... Dobermans for Sale in Texas. Filter Dog Ads Search. Sort. Ads 1 - 8 of 11 ..

Popular Topics